ISO and ANSI UAV system standardization work and results

1.ISO’s UAV system standardization work and results

Organization structure and main responsibilities

ISO/TC 20/SC 16 (International Organization for Standardization Aerospace Technical Committee Subcommittee on Unmanned Aircraft Systems) is a technical subcommittee (SC) of the ISO International Organization for Standardization specializing in standardization in the field of unmanned aerial systems (UAS). The secretariat is ANSI in the United States. The technical subcommittee was established in June 2015 and currently has 27 member organizations and 10 observer organizations.

Distribution map of ISO member and observer organizations

The responsibility of ISO/TC 20/SC 16 is to formulate and maintain relevant standards for unmanned aerial systems. The scope of work covers the classification, design, manufacturing, operation (including maintenance) and safety management of unmanned aerial systems, especially the Standardization work on materials, components and equipment. The scope of standards developed covers: ① standards related to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), ground control stations (GCS) and radio communication links connecting them; ② services and services related to the above systems Maintain standards related to the equipment used; ③Operation standards for UAV systems.

The secretariat of ISO/TC 20/SC 16 is responsible for administrative tasks, such as organizing meetings, distributing documents and maintaining the subcommittee website; the chairman is responsible for leading the subcommittee, setting the agenda and ensuring the smooth functioning of the committee; representatives of organizations from ISO member countries participate in the subcommittee Committee, each country has a voting representative; the sub-committee meets regularly, usually twice a year, to discuss ongoing projects and new proposals of each working group, vote on draft standards, and the standards that pass the vote will become a formal international standard. standard.

Working Groups: ISO/TC 20/SC 16 has 1 Chairman’s Advisory Group (CAG); 1 Advisory Group (AG) responsible for UAV system autonomy supported by AI technology; 8 Working Groups (WG) and Joint working groups (JWG), responsible for general (WG1), product manufacturing and maintenance (WG2), operations and procedures (WG3), UAS traffic management (WG4), test and evaluation (WG5), UAS Subsystem (WG6), UAV system noise measurement (JWG7), anti-UAV system (WG8), etc.

Standardization achievements

Currently, there are 25 UAV standards published by ISO/TC 20/SC 16 (see table below), and another 11 standards are under development. The published standards mainly involve test methods for civil multi-rotor UAV systems, operation of vertical take-off and landing UAVs, multi-rotor UAV resonance frequency evaluation, flight stability testing, and flight performance of small and lightweight fixed-wing UAVs. Testing, noise measurement of UAV systems, vibration testing, UAV system components, operating procedures, terminology, classification, detection and avoidance system experimental results, functional structure of UAV traffic management (UTM), data model, remote identification , interface between UTM service provider and user, UTM service provider requirements, UAV system personnel training, technical requirements for small UAV electric energy system, general requirements for UAV system payload interface, multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle General requirements for aircraft flight control systems and general requirements for tethered UAV systems.

Tips

According to the naming rules of the ISO organization, ISO/TC 20/SC 16 refers to the 16th Subcommittee (SC) of the 20th Technical Committee (TC) under the ISO International Organization for Standardization, focusing on unmanned aerial systems (UAV systems) UAS) standardization work.

2.ANSI’s UAV system standardization organization work and results

Organization structure and main responsibilities

The American National Standards Institute ANSI is the secretariat of ISO/TC 20/SC 16 and has done a lot of work in promoting the development of UAV system standards within the ISO organization. In addition, ANSI coordinates and promotes domestic UAV system standardization work in the United States through its UAV System Standardization Cooperation (UASSC).

UASSC has more than 400 members from 250 public and private sectors in the United States, including representatives from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), other U.S. federal government agencies, standards development organizations (SDOs), industry, academia, and other organizations . To develop the roadmap, UASSC established four working groups (WG), which usually hold online meetings twice a month: WG1 is responsible for airworthiness; WG2 is responsible for general flight operations, personnel training, qualification and certification; WG3 is responsible for key Flight operations for infrastructure inspections, environmental applications, commercial services and workplace safety; WG4 is responsible for flight operations for public safety.

In December 2018, UASSC released version 1.0 of the "Unmanned Aircraft System Standardization Roadmap"; in June 2020, version 2.0 of the "Roadmap" was released. By publishing the Roadmap, UASSC identifies existing standards and those under development related to unmanned aerial systems, defines where gaps exist, and makes recommendations on priority areas deemed to require additional standardization, including pre-standardization research and development ( R&D) work.

The main areas covered in the Roadmap are: drone airworthiness; flight operations; personnel training, qualification and certification; infrastructure inspections; environmental applications; commercial services; workplace safety; and public safety operations. The Roadmap also provides a brief overview of UAS activities at the FAA, other U.S. federal government agencies, standards development organizations (SDOs), and various industry groups. Compared with version 1.0, version 2.0 has been significantly revised or expanded to include the following areas: spectrum categories applicable to command and control (C2) links and communications, continued operations security, unmanned aerial system detection and mitigation, and public safety tactical operations .

In addition, UASSC also tracks and records the progress of unmanned system standardization work by regularly publishing the Gap Progress Report. The latest version of the Gap Progress Report will be released in March 2024, and the next version of the Gap Progress Report will be released in September 2024.

Standardization achievements

Up to now, under the coordination of UASSC, various domestic standards development organizations (SDOs) in the United States have developed and released a series of standards related to UAV systems, covering multiple aspects of UAV systems (see table below). Specifically include: pilot training, flight control design, lighting applications, serial numbers, terminology, handling procedures, registration and marking, flight manual, continued airworthiness, design and construction, production acceptance, command and control system design, quality assurance, batteries , operational risk assessment, beyond line of sight operations, software reliability, classification systems, training guides, flight behavior limitation methods, design construction and verification, parachutes, and training manual development, etc.

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